What is a Legal Separation?

This is a common question and is often asked in the following ways:

• “My wife/husband moved out of the house about four months ago and we didn’t put anything in writing, is this a legal separation?”
• “We think we want to do a trial separation – is this a legal separation?”
• “My wife/husband is running up our credit cards and I’m concerned about my liability – do I have any and would a legal separation help?”

To begin with, let’s address the difference between a “trial separation” and a “legal separation.” When couples ask any of the above questions, they may be thinking of “trying” to separate for a period of time until they figure out whether they want to make the situation permanent of not. It is important to remember that in a “trial separation” there is no signed written agreement, so their marital status has not changed. In other words, you are still married in the eyes of the court and have all the requisite responsibilities of the marriage.

A “legal separation” or divorce is a written agreement that divides the assets and debts (which they have acquired during the marriage) and addresses all the issues about the children. In order to have a “legal separation” you must have a written document, signed by the parties. This document is a legally enforceable contract that covers everything from custody of the children; child support; a parenting plan; maintenance (alimony), if appropriate; and the equitable distribution of all the assets and debts. It is a detailed document that outlines in detail all the issues that have been addressed, negotiated and resolved by the parties.

Once the Separation Agreement has been filed, it doesn’t mean that the divorce is final. It simply means that you have the option from that point forward to file for an uncontested divorce. Under the new No Fault law, one spouse can simply state that there has been an irretrievable breakdown of the marriage. (The procedure for filing the divorce papers will be detailed in an upcoming article entitled: Filing for the Divorce Right Away.)

Once a couple has either mutually decided to live separately and apart, or one of the parties has moved out of the marital home, it is prudent to put things in writing so that there is no longer an obligation to each other except for the issues that are spelled out in your legal, binding contract.